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By Arthur on September 30, 2012

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Can you solve today’s Step 1 challenge? Explain your answer in the comments on this post and we'll be back later to let you know if you answered correctly.⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣ #LoveHowYouLearn #medschool #usmle #medicalschool #futuredoctor #StepChallenge #DiagnosisDay Have you registered for tomorrow's free webinar? We think you're really going to love it! 🔗 Register at the link in our bio! #LoveHowYouLearn Today we honor the life of Martin Luther King Jr. by remembering his words and deeds. #LoveHowYouLearn The 5 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects are as easy as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.⁣ ⁣ 1️⃣ One big trunk: Truncus arteriosus.⁣ 2️⃣ Two interchanged vessels: Transposition of the Great Vessels.⁣ 3️⃣ Three: Triscuspid Atresia.⁣ 4️⃣ Four: Tetralogy of Fallot.⁣ 5️⃣ Five words: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return.⁣ ⁣ The utility of this mnemonic is in differentiating cyanotic heart lesions from non-cyanotic heart lesions. There are more non-cyanotic heart lesions than cyanotic, so this mnemonic can help you quickly determine whether a given lesion should be cyanotic or not. This is one of the most important differentiations in congenital heart disease, because a question stem will nearly always mention how the baby appears on physical exam.⁣ ⁣ It’s helpful to keep in mind that cyanotic heart lesions are a natural result of a right-to-left shunt within the heart (blood that would normally go to the lungs to become oxygenated is instead shunted systemically). ⁣ ⁣ Some of the more common non-cyanotic heart defects include: Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD), and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA). These non-cyanotic heart defects are a result of a left-to-right shunt, where blood is shunted to the lungs instead of the body – which explains why the baby wouldn’t appear cyanotic on physical exam. ⁣ ⁣ Keep in mind: while fetal circulation has higher right-sided pressures (placental) than left-sided pressures (systemic), the left-sided pressures quickly become greater than the right-sided ones as soon as the umbilical cord is cut (due to decrease in resistance from lack of placenta as well as the baby’s first breath). ⁣ ⁣ Once the right-sided pressures are less than the left-sided pressures, any “hole” in the heart will naturally shunt blood to the area of lower pressure. This is why ASD, AVSD, VSD, and PDA are all non-cyanotic – all are “holes” shunting blood naturally to the lungs.⁣ ⁣ #LoveHowYouLearn #mnemonicmonday #medschool #usmle #medicalschool #futuredoctor #mcat #premedlife #premedstudent #premedical #img

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